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Что (кто) такое ewiger Ruhm - определение
FOUNDING DOCUMENT OF SWITZERLAND
Eternal Alliance; Bundesbrief; Letter of Alliance; Letter of Alliance of 1291; Federal Charter; Everlasting League; Swiss Federal Charter; League of the Three Forest Cantons; Ewiger Bund der Drei Waldstätten
Ewiger Landfriede
PAX PERPETUA AGREED AT THE DIET OF WORMS IN 1495, WHICH BANNED THE RIGHT OF VENDETTA IN THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
Perpetual Public Peace; Perpetual public peace
The Ewiger Landfriede ("everlasting Landfriede", variously translated as "Perpetual Peace",Edward Wigglesworth, Thomas Gamaliel Bradford (1840). Encyclopædia Americana: a popular dictionary of arts, sciences ...
Ewiger Pfennig
 Pfennig, CNG.jpg?width=200)
![Switzerland, [[Abbey of St. Gallen]], minted from about 1273](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schweiz, St. Gallen (Abtei), Ewiger Pfennig (Runder Pfennig) etwa 1270, 20 mm, 0,54 g (Bonhoff 1820-1), CNG 2.JPG?width=200 "Switzerland, [[Abbey of St. Gallen]], minted from about 1273")
![[[Bishopric of Constance]], Bishop Henry II of Klingenberg (1293–1306)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Konstanz (Bistum), Bischof Heinrich II. von Klingenberg (1293–1306), Ewiger Pfennig, 19 mm, 0,42 g (Bonhoff 1815), CNG.jpg?width=200 "[[Bishopric of Constance]], Bishop Henry II of Klingenberg (1293–1306)")
![Lindau]], Royal Mint, minted 1295 to 1335](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lindau, königliche Münzstätte, Ewiger Pfennig (1295–1335), 19 mm, 0,32 g (Bonhoff 1323), CNG 2.JPG?width=200 "Lindau]], Royal Mint, minted 1295 to 1335")
, 1296 bis 1498, 21mm, 0.52 g (Berger 993-1001; Bonhoff 424), CNG 2 verwenden.JPG?width=200 "Brunswick (city), minted 1296 to 1498")
![Strasbourg, ''[[Lilienpfennig]]'', forerunner of the ''[[Schüsselpfennig]]'', c. 1400](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lilienpfennig, Straßburg, frühes 14. Jh., CNG.PNG?width=200 "Strasbourg, ''[[Lilienpfennig]]'', forerunner of the ''[[Schüsselpfennig]]'', c. 1400")
TYPE OF COIN
The Ewiger Pfennig or eternal penny () was a coin of the regional pfennig period (bracteate period), which was minted until the late medieval groschen time. These coins are mostly of the Hohlpfennig or "hollow pfennig" type which, unlike bracteates, had to be exchanged regularly for a fee but were not subject to annual recall of coins in circulation, the Münzverruf.
sarf
![Sarat range]],<ref name="Burrows2010" /><ref name="Laughlin2008" /> is in [[Bani Matar District]]<ref name="Mindat" />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kawkaban -68 (353668857).jpg?width=200 "Sarat range]],<ref name=\"Burrows2010\" /><ref name=\"Laughlin2008\" /> is in [[Bani Matar District]]<ref name=\"Mindat\" />")
WIKIMEDIA DISAMBIGUATION PAGE
San'a Governorate; Sanaá Governorate; Sana`a Governorate; San'a' Governorate; الضيعة; Zijan, Yemen; Ad Da'ir; Ad Dabbat; Ad Dabr; Ad-Dafa; Ad Dahrah; Ad Dar Al Bayda'; Ad Dayʽah; Ad Dilʽ; Ad Durub; Al Aljam; Al Aysar; Al Barar; Al Bashawil; Al Baslan; Al Fisirah; Al Ghalil; Shibam al-Ghiras; Al Hajarah; Al Hajz; Al Hanajir; Al Hanakah; Al Harajah; Al harf; Al Harrah, Yemen; Al Hashishiyah; Al Hatab; Al Hatabah; Al Hatarish; Al Hawiri; Al Hayfah; Al Hijlah; Al hijrah; Al husayn, Yemen; Al ja'if; Al jaby; Al jahili; Al jalb; Al janadib; Al jannat; Al jarda'; Al jayrif; Al ja`adib; Al ja`r; Al jiraf; Al jirah; Al jirmah; Al jirwah; Al jurn; Al kawlah; Al khamis; Al kharabah, San‘a’; Al kharibah; Al kharifi; Al khasamah; Al khirah; Al lakamah; Al lijam; Al lumi; Al ma'khadh; Al madawir; Al magharib; Al mahadhi; Al mahajir; Al mahaqirah; Al makarib; Al mantar; Al maqtu`; Al marahidah; Al marasib; Al marzamah; Al masinah; Al masna`ah; Al matrat; Al mawqa`; Al mayqa`; Al ma`inah; Al ma`mar; Al ma`shur; Al ma`yanah; Al miqash; Al miqyadah; Al mishraf; Al mi`zab; Al munaqqab; Al qadam; Al qadhaf; Al qalis; Al qarah, San‘a’; Al qasr; Al qirran; Al qufl, San‘a’; Al qulad; Al qurayshi; Al ya`abir; Al ya`ar; Al ʽAbbasi; Al Abraq, Yemen; Al ʽArashi; Al ʽArid, Yemen; Al ʽArif; Al ʽArus; Al ʽAtm; Al ʽIdiz; Al ʽIrrah; Al ʽUlliyah; Al ʽUrr; Al ʽUruq; Amrash; An nabat; An najd; Anib; Ar rabam; Ar rahabah; Ar ramad; Ar rawnah; Ar rihabi; As salahi; As salul; As sawadayn; As sudah; As sunnatayn; Asal, Yemen; Ash sharaf, San‘a’; Ash shi`b al aswad; Ash shutbah; At Tawilah; Az zaby; Az zafir; Az zurah; Bahkah; Bahlul, Yemen; Bahman, Yemen; Bakar, Yemen; Balsanah; Bani az zubayr; Bani dahman; Bani dawud; Bani dud; Bani hawat; Bani humi; Bani jawbah; Bani malik; Bani mansur; Bani marih; Bani maymun; Bid bida; Bani murrah; Bani nukay`; Bani qutran; Bani sab`ah; Bani shaddad; Bani shubati; ʽUwayrah; `uwayrah; ʽAdar; ʽAfish; ʽAmad; ʽAmaqah; ʽAmbaq; ʽAmd; Bani sulayman; Bani sulih; Bani za'id; Bani ziyad; ʽAmri; ʽAqlar; ʽAraqah; ʽArjaz; ʽArtam; ʽAshib; Bani ʽAbbad; ʽAwmarah; ʽIlaf; ʽIman; ʽInad; `Iyal musa; ʽUruq; Bani ʽAbd; Bani ʽAsim; Bani ʽId; Bani ʽUtban; Bayt al bihar; Bayt al hindawana; Bayt al qamus; Bayt an na`am; Bayt az zaydah; Bayt fashid; Bayt kahin; Bayt jurayd; Bayt mi`yad; Barran, Yemen; Bayt al hamra'; Bayt al jiddi; Bayt al wishah; Bayt ar rumaym; Bayt ar rubu`i; Bayt az zuwar; Bayt habis; Bayt khulaqah; Bayt qatir; Bayt umm jalli; Bi'r al hudhayl; Hakam, Yemen; Husn mashmal; Jidr al a`la; Kharab as sanaf; Mahwash, Yemen; Matwah; Mawsanah; Qahazah; Qaryat al `urrah as sufla; Raju, Yemen; Ruhm al `ulya; Sudan, Yemen; Tubr; Baril, Yemen; Bayt al ghawi; Bayt al huwayt; Bayt al qunayyah; Bayt an nukhayf; Bayt az zubdani; Barhan; Bayt ghawbar; Bayt katmasar; Bayt na`im; Bayt suwa; Ghurabah; Hajar sa`id; Bayt ghadir; Bayt na`amah; Hijrat al kibs; Jawb; Khamr, Yemen; Madarah; Mahaqra; Nusayl zirajah; Qaryat `asr al asfal; Rahabah; Ruhayqah; Sayh, Yemen; Subar; Bayt adh dhafif; Bayt al harithi; Bayt al mushriqi; Bayt al `Ali; Bayt as suwaydi; Bayt dahrah; Bayt hirash; Bayt majraz; Bayt sa`d; Bayt ʽAmir; Ghadran; Hadran, Yemen; Ja'if hamdan; Lakamat al kuruf; Madinat khayan; Masʽud; Qaryat al qabil; Rayshan; Safia, Yemen; Shaybirah; Suq as sabt; Wadi al jar; Hutayb; Ibn hajib; Jaʽlal; Jabal ʽUras; Jabal al mururah; Bawʽan; Bayt al hamudi; Bayt al mud`i; Bayt al yisri; Bayt da`ir; Bayn ʽAmir; Bayt ad dayl; Bayt adh dhi'b; Bayt al haqr; Bayt al hawiri; Bayt al qadi; Bayt al `ansi; Bayt al mifdal; Bayt al yatim; Bayt arhab; Bayt az zafiq; Bayt bi'r zanir; Bayt hadir; Bayt hanbas; Bayt mahdam; Bayt radm; Bayt juhays; Bayt marran; Bayt mahfad; Bayt rijal; Bayt shaban; Bayt shimran; Bayt shubayl; Bayt zabadan; Bayt ʽIsa; Daʽan; Fatihat; Ghabir; Ghayman; Ghulah dhayfan; Habas, Yemen; Hadir, Yemen; Hadrami, Sanaa; Hadur; Hafat idris; Halhal; Hafid, Yemen; Hajana; Hallah, Yemen; Hamdani, Yemen; Hanadan, Yemen; Harran, Yemen; Jidr al asfal; Khiwan; Jihanah; Jiharine; Kabar, Yemen; Karin, Yemen; Khadarah; Khamar; Kushar; Lakamat al mi`qab; Lumi, Yemen; Madwal; Masaarde; Madhbal; Malikah, Yemen; Rakab; Madid; Mafhaq; Mahajil; Mahall rayd; Manakhah; Manwar; Masham, Yemen; Masur, Yemen; Melaba; Mughrabi, Yemen; Naqi al fardah; Naqil yaslah; Nuʽḍ; Numayr, Sanaa; Qamlan; Qarat bani suwar; Qarin, Yemen; Qarn hashim; Qaryat al musalli; Qataʽ; Quflat ʽUdhr; Qusayr, Yemen; Rayshan bani matar; Riham; Rohm as sufla; Ruhm as sufla; Shamlan, Yemen; Sudum; Tuzan; Waʽla; Ruhub; Saʽwan; Samaʽ; Sanaf; Sanhan, Yemen; Sarf; Sawad, Yemen; Sharaf, Yemen; Sumayr; Waʽlan; Shararah; Shatbi; Sinaf; Sinan, Yemen; Sinwan; Sirwan, Yemen; Suʽut; Suq al jum`ah; Suq bayt na`am; Suq bu`an; Süryan; Thalsa'; Wadi al bi'r; Wadi har; Wasit, Sanaa; Wasl; Bayt Samnah; Al Hajjarah; At tawilah; Wasit, Yemen; Bayt samnah; Ad da'ir; Ad dabbat; Ad dabr; Ad dafa'; Ad dahrah; Ad dar al bayda'; Ad day`ah; Ad dil`; Ad dummam; Ad durub; Al `abbasi; Al `abraq; Al `arashi; Al `arid; Al `arif; Al `arus; Al `atm; Al `idiz; Al `irrah; Al `ulliyah; Al `urr; Al `uruq; Al aljam; Al aysar; Al barar; Al bashawil; Al baslan; Al fisirah; Al ghalil; Al ghiras; Al hajarah; Al hajz; Al hanajir; Al hanakah; Al harajah; Al harrah; Al hashishiyah; Al hatab; Al hatabah; Al hatarish; Al hawiri; Al hayfah; Al hijlah; Bayt al `ali; Al-Jahili; Al-Jalb; Al-Janadib; Al-Jarda'; Al-Jayrif; Al-Jirah; Al-Jirmah; Al-Jirwah; Al-Jurn; Al-Kawlah; Al-Khamis; Al-Kharabah, Sanaa; Al-Kharibah; Al-Kharifi; Al-Khasamah; Al-Khirah; Al-Lakamah; Al-Lijam; Al-Ma'Khadh; Al-Maʽinah; Al-Ma'Mar; Al-Maʽshur; Al-Maʽyanah; Al-Madawir; Al-Magharib; Al-Mahadhi; Al-Mahajir; Al-Mahattah; Al-Jaby; Al-Makarib; Al-Mantar; Al-Hijrah; Al-Husayn, Yemen; Al-Ja'If; Al-Jaʽadib; Al-Jaʽr; Al-Maqtuʽ; Al-Marahidah; Al-Marasib; Al-Marzamah; Al-Masinah; Al-Masnaʽah; Al-Matrat; Al-Mawqaʽ; Al-Mayqaʽ; Al-Miʽzab; Al-Miqash; Al-Miqyadah
n.
A freeloader.
v.
To sponge or freeload.
Jon's a sarf. He's always sponging off (or, sarfing from) someone.
A freeloader.
v.
To sponge or freeload.
Jon's a sarf. He's always sponging off (or, sarfing from) someone.
Википедия
Federal Charter of 1291
The Federal Charter or Letter of Alliance (German: Bundesbrief) is one of the earliest constitutional documents of Switzerland. A treaty of alliance from 1291 between the cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden, the Charter is one of a series of alliances from which the Old Swiss Confederacy emerged. In the 19th and 20th century, after the establishment of the Swiss federal state, the Charter became the central founding document of Switzerland in the popular imagination.
The Charter documents the Eternal Alliance of the League of the Three Forest Cantons (German: Ewiger Bund der Drei Waldstätten), the union of three cantons in what is now central Switzerland. It is dated to early August 1291, which in the 20th century inspired the date of Swiss National Day, 1 August. Done in Latin, the Charter makes reference to a previous (lost or unwritten) pact. It is now exhibited at the Museum of the Swiss Charters of Confederation in Schwyz.
